Green Human Resource Management, Green Supply Chain Management, Green Lifestyle: Their Effect on Business Sustainability Mediated by Digital Skills

: Purpose: This study aims to empirically test and analyze the role of Green Human Resource Management (GHRM) and Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) and Green Lifestyle on business sustainability mediated by digital skills. Design/Methodology: This study involved logistics managers at manufacturing companies in DKI Jakarta and West Java, Indonesia. It is because these two provinces have the largest manufacturing companies in Indonesia. From a late survey, the researchers obtained data from 250 questionnaires that were distributed. Then from all the data, there were 218 data that could be processed for further analysis. This study utilized the Structural Equation Model (SEM) analysis technique with AMOS 24 software in the data testing process. Findings: This study has confirmed a number of findings including: With the current COVID-19 Pandemic, Green Human Resources Management (GRHM) and Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) are needed in Business Sustainability. GSCM has a positive effect on Business Sustainability (BS). Indonesia is also facing a revolution of 4.0 and 5.0, and Green Human Resources Management (GHRM) practice has an influence on BS and is deemed having significant and positive effect. In addition, manufacturing companies support the practice of green environment so that Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) practice needs Digital Skill (DS) in enhancing its performance. Also, it has been proven in this research that GSCM has positive and significant effect. Digital Skill (DS), however, has no direct effect on Business Sustainability (BS). Research


Introduction
Starting in early 2022, the Covid-19 pandemic have seemed to subside in people's lives. However, many manufacturing companies have experienced significant changes in their organizations, including the implementation of green human resource management (GHRM), as it utilizes teleworking strategies and flexibility of working days. Green HRM refers to the use of HRM practices, policies, and systems that promote the sustainable use of resources within organizations for the benefit and sustainability of individual, society, natural environment, and the business itself (Alqudah, Yusof, Elayan & Paramita, 2022;Kutieshat & Farmanesh, 2022;Muafi & Kusumawati, 2021a).
Besides the implemented change in GHRM, the pandemic also has an impact in the form of supply chain losses, which are experienced by many companies because of the lockdown scenarios, where most of these companies depend on the number of countries that have imposed lockdowns (Guan, Wang, Hallegatte, Davis, Huo, Li et al., 2020;Pricewaterhouse Coopers (PwC), 2020;Fernandes, 2020). These developments, along with the US-China trade war, have fueled a rise in economic nationalism. As a consequence, firms and producers around the world will be put under greater political pressure and competition to increase their domestic production. It requires them to create jobs in their home countries, reduces or eliminates their dependence on perceived risky and non-renewable resources, as well as rethink the use of the resources itself. Furthermore, due to the condition of the environmental degradation that currently occurs, firms that have practice GHRM are considering to adopt more strategies and practices in their organization that are more environmentally-friendly, such as Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) (van Hoek, Gibson & Johnson, 2020; Barber & West, 2022). GSCM requires the involvement of seniors, management, managers, employees and suppliers (Sugandini, Susilowati, Siswanti & Syafri, 2020;Liu, 2019;Younis, Sundarakani, & Vel, 2016).
One of the aspects that become the basis for both GSCM and GHRM practices in firms is technology. The success of GHRM has been proven to be influenced by digital technology (Bondarouk & Brewster, 2016;Musofa, Yuniardi, Sudiarta, Hendriwibowo, Ekawati, Gunawan et al., 2021). In a similar vein, GSCM also relies heavily on technology with the existence of centralized information management system that is differently and independently exists within the organization. In this regard, when the skills to utilize digital technology is owned by firms or individuals within it, it will enable them to exchange information, facilitate collaboration, and answer to sustainability issues they currently face (Bentalha, Hmioui & Alla, 2019).
The practice of GHRM and GSCM, along with their skills to utilize digital technology, are expected to drive firms toward achieving business sustainability, or the balance between financial, environment, and social performance.
The concept of sustainability arises due to the rapidly changing business environment, environmental degradation, and awareness of the society to protect the environment. GHRM itself is expected to be able to produce a green life style (GLS) in order to increase efficiency, employee engagement and discipline, positive environmental improvement, as well as lower the operational costs of the business (Chuah, Mohd, Kamaruddin, Binti & Noh, 2021;Wulansari, Witiastuti & Ridloah, 2019;Alavi & Aghakhani, 2021). It needs to be realized that GLS is complex facet and is related to individual experiences, hierarchies, values, latent attitudes, multiple behaviors, and barriers (Lubowiecki-Vikuk, Dąbrowska & Machnik, 2021). GLS can be broadly defined as "living well" (Vita, Lundström, Hertwich, Quist, Ivanova, Stadler et al., 2019). For this reason, GLS is important for developing the industry, so that everyone in the community can enjoy their lives under a safe, healthy environment and always maintain business sustainability (Razaq, 2019;Farhud, 2017).
These backgrounds trigger the researchers to fill the research gap in this study, including: 1. GSCM may be a good way to balance environmental, economic and social factors. Many authors have discussed the importance of GSCM in business sustainability Zaid & Sleimi, 2021), but the results are still inconclusive regarding this relationship. A number of scholars have also stated that GSCM is not directly related to business sustainability (Zhu, Sarkis & Lai, 2013;Chin, Tat & Sulaiman, 2015;Yang, Sun, Zhang & Wang, 2020), but through new mediating variables such as environmental sustainability (Rupa & Saif, 2022;Chin et al., 2015;Herrmann, Barbosa-Povoa, Butturi, Marinelli & Sellitto, 2021).
5. GHRM as a direct effect on voluntary and task-related green behavior perceived by prospective employees and an indirect effect through mediating the psychological perception of green climate (Ercantan & Eyupoglu, 2022;Zhu, Tang, Wang & Chen, 2021;Dumont et al., 2017).
This article is structured into several parts. In introduction part, the author elaborates the backgrounds that become the basis of this study. Furthermore, the literature review is consisted of theoretical and empirical studies that sheds a light on the relationship between the variables studied, namely GHRM, GSCM, and GLS influence on business sustainability, the mediating role of digital skills, and its effect on business sustainability. The third is research method, which provides information on the study design, measurement, population, and analytical tools used to process the data. The fourth part is the results of the data analysis, followed by discussion. Finally, this paper is concluded with the limitations and key recommendations for future studies.

Literature Review
As previously explained in the research backgrounds, this study wants to identify the factors that can lead firms to achieve business sustainability. Business sustainability is the ability of firms to keep the balance between their environment, social, and economic or financial performance, which is also known as Triple Bottom Line (TBL) (Das & Singh, 2016;Dumont et al., 2017). In this regard, firms can achieve business sustainability by adopting strategies and activities that aims to protect, sustain, and enhance both the society and natural resources. The strategies and activities proposed in this study is GHRM, GSCM, and GLS that is adopted by firms in carrying out their business activities. Furthermore, this relationship is also mediated by digital skills, or the ability of the firms and individuals within it to utilize digital technology in their business. The following section will discuss the relationship between each variable.

The Effect of Green HRM (GHRM) on Business Sustainability (BS)
GHRM refers to all activities involved in the continuous development, implementation and maintenance of a system aimed at turning ordinary employees into green employees in order to achieve organizational environmental goals and finally to make a significant contribution to environmental resilience (Masood, 2018;Jia, Liu, Chin & Hu, 2018;Mendis & Welmilla, 2021). GHRM is the future competence which also become the basis to implement the idea of Industry 4.0 (Gunathunge & Lakmal, 2019;Espino-Díaz, Fernández-Caminero, Hernández-Lloret, González-González & Álvarez-Castillo, 2020;Lumen, 2020). The development of human potential in an organization in the background of GHRM principles must be followed by dealing with theories and research results of future competency development.
GHRM practices can help manufacturing organizations to achieve a green corporate culture and improve sustainable performance and balance environmental, economic, and social performance in society which is considered the main responsibility for manufacturing companies to improve business sustainability (Lumen, 2020;Jabbour, Mauricio & Jabbour, 2017;Fasan, Soerger-Zaro, Soerger-Zaro, Porco & Tiscini, 2021).
Companies applying GHRM implement green organizational policies, fulfill their corporate responsibilities and take care of the environment, which in turn will improve their image which has an impact on business sustainability (Wulandari & Nawangsari, 2021;Yong et al., 2019;Amjad, Javaid, Ijaz, Rahman & Fayyaz, 2021;Pham, Hoang & Phan, 2020). In business, GHRM practice is expected to have an impact on business sustainability, where in business it exists without having a negative impact on the environment, community or society as a whole (Svensson & Wagner, 2015;Watson, Klingenberg, Polito & Geurts, 2004;Liute & De Giacomo, 2022).
H1: Green Human Resource Management (GHRM) has a significant effect on Business Sustainability.

The Effect of Green Supply Chain (GSCM) on Business Sustainability (BS)
Since the industrial revolution and up to a certain period, business has undergone many changes, where business only focuses on activities related to profit. However, due to the increasing competition, environmental damage, and the awareness of importance of quality of life, many manufacturing companies have started to focus on GSCM to maintain business sustainability (Novitasari & Agustia, 2021; Bernal-Torres, Paipa-Galeano, Jarrah-Nezhad, Agudelo-Otálora & Millán, 2021; Yildiz- . Other studies have also confirmed that GSCM can be a way for firms to balance their environmental, financial, and social performance (Geng, Mansouri & Aktas, 2017;Hidayat, Crefioza, Kusuma, Habiibii, Nur-Fitria, Nungkiastuti et al., 2022). This is because GSCM involves several elements that can encourage firms to be more environmentally friendly in running their business, such as green product design, green materials, and green manufacturing process. Within this relationship, other studies have also proven that environmental cooperation has been proposed as a moderator of the relationship between GSCM practices and business sustainability (Chin et al., 2015;Al Khattab, Abu-Rumman & Massad, 2015;Ali, Amjad, Nisar, Tariq & Haq, 2022).

The Effect of Green Human Resource Management (GHRM) on Green Supply Chain Management
The emergence of GSCM is due to changes in the new industrial era that demands the role of industry in protecting the environment by reducing waste and pollution (Rupa & Saif, 2022;Lokesh, Jitesh & Gopal, 2017;Feng, Lai & Zhu, 2022). Recently, the integration of GHRM-GSCM has become increasingly important. GSCM and GHRM are essential for effective organizational greening (Dede, 2019;Jabbour & Sousa-Jabbour, 2016;Yu, Chavez, Feng, Wong & Fynes, 2020). Every GSCM has room for green improvement, and this is highly emphasized in industry 4.0. The ecosystem in Industry 4.0 is expected to greatly affect the overall performance of GSCM positively (Sutawijaya & Nawangsari, 2020;Luthra & Mangla, 2018a). In terms of business strategy, increasing downstream customer environment, ecological awareness, and ethical and demands to save energy, reduce pollution and waste have prompted companies to consider their ecological concerns with GSCM (Wang, Wu & Yu, 2022). A significant number of research has been focusing on the topic of linking GHRM to GSCM (Muafi & Kusumawati, 2021b;Pham et al., 2020). GHRM is currently very important in advancing organizational sustainability, as it is an innovative blend of organizational theory (Jaegler & Sarkis, 2014;Benevene & Buonomo, 2020). GHRM can indeed have a positive impact and influence on GSCM (Ellinger & Kim, 2014;Longoni & Cagliano, 2018;.

The Effect of Green Human Resource Management (GHRM) on Green Life Style (GLS)
GHRM practices bring great benefits to the organization and its image effectively because it can help employees through many ways, as there is a possibility of spillover of green practices in the workplace to employees into a green lifestyle (Cherian & Jacob, 2012;Ragas, Tantay, Chu & Sunio, 2017). Currently, GHRM has become the main business strategy for important organizations where the HR department plays an active role in the green lifestyle in the office (Ahmad, 2015;Naqvi & Siddiqui, 2019).
GHRM can help manufacturing organizations to achieve a green corporate culture and improve sustainable performance as well as balance environmental, economic, and social performance in society where it is considered the main responsibility for manufacturing companies to improve business sustainability (Piwowar-Sulej, 2021b; Jabbour, Mauricio & Jabbour, 2017;Fasan et al., 2021). Companies applying GHRM implement green organizational policies, fulfill their corporate responsibilities, and take care of the environment, which in turn will have an impact on GLS in the company (Wulandari & Nawangsari, 2021;Yong et al., 2019;Amjad et al., 2021).

The Effect of Green Life Style (GLS) on Business Sustainability
Concern for the environment will affect the green lifestyle (GLS). The GLS fosters the expected positive relationship between a responsible way of life and the environment. Green behavior and sustainable consumption are positively related to life satisfaction (Binder & Blankenberg, 2017). Therefore, many companies in Indonesia are competing to develop environmentally friendly products and present themselves as "green companies" in the hope of attracting environmentally conscious citizens, which in turn can have an impact on maintaining business sustainability (Genoveva & Syahrivar, 2020;Chairy & Alam, 2019;Chariri, Nasir, Januarti & Daljono, 2019).
If the company does not depend on the natural resources of business competitors, it will reduce the environmental impact of the business, so that it has a greater chance of long-term success. Maintaining business sustainability requires policies that consider the consequences of GLS. GLS engages stakeholders (Vita et al., 2019). GLS is a lifestyle that involves actions aimed at minimizing or eliminating the negative effects of behavior on the environment. The majority of customers in many developed countries will see whether the company cares and is aware of the environment or not, so that GLC will affect business sustainability (Chwialkowska, 2019;Hart, 1997;Urbański & Ul-Haque, 2020).

The Effect of Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) on Digital Skill (DS).
The fourth industrial revolution offers new technologies to transform conventional supply chain solutions into cyber-physical supply chain solutions. Industry 4.0 technology and the most important Internet of Things tools show their potential to update supply chain operations problems (Douaioui, Fri, Mabroukki & Semma, 2018). Supply chain management (SCM) requires the integration and coordination of business processes and the alignment of strategies across the supply chain. GSCM covers a wide range of scientific issues including innovations in technology or digital skills that continue to drive significant changes in the GSCM field, the extent to which increased digitization affects the role of SCM executives in the future (Rachinger et al., 2018;Wehrle, Lechler, von der Gracht & Hartmann, 2020;Feng et al., 2022). Increased digital technology capabilities coupled with reduced investment costs enable the flow of capital and information to any part of the world, therefore, GSCM is recognized as an important area for digital technology innovation and investment (Sony, 2019;Alsuraihi et al., 2020;Park, Kim & Lee, 2022).

The Effect of Digital Skill (DS) on Business Sustainability (BS)
Companies that digitally upgrade the skills of their employees are an important part of social sustainability. In fact, there is a huge advantage for companies that upgrade the skills of their staff in the digital field. The global number of digital jobs will grow from 51 million this year to 190 million in 2025 (Carney, 2020). Digital Skills (DS) has become a new approach for many companies to gain competitive advantage in the context of intense and dynamic market competition.

Research Method
This study was conducted by surveying the population of logistics managers in manufacturing companies in DKI Jakarta and West Java, Indonesia, which focused on GSCM. This has also been investigated by several previous researchers with the object of manufacturing companies (Srivastava, 2022;Raj, Mukherjee, de Sousa-Jabbour & Srivastava, 2022;Fasan et al., 2021).
The sampling technique in this research was carried out purposively with the following criteria: (1) manufacturing company with more than 50 employees, (2) manufacturing company operating at least 5 years. Questionnaires were distributed to 250 logistics managers as respondents and as many as 218 data could be processed for further analysis because some of the data did not meet the requirements and were categorized as outliers. The scale technique in this study used a Likert scale with a choice of a scale of 1 to 7. This refers to (Joshi, Kale, Chandel & Pal, 2015;Sullivan & Artino, 2013;Harpe, 2015).
Primary data collection is done by distributing questionnaires to the respondents. The data analysis technique was carried out using AMOS 24. The variables studied, operational definitions, indicators, measurement scales and reference sources can be more clearly seen in Table 1.
Hypothesis testing was done by using AMOS 24 analysis technique. From the testing it can be concluded that all variables and questionnaire items are valid and reliable. All AMOS 24 assumption tests are also met (Collier, 2020).

No Variables and References
Operational Definition Indicator/item Measurement Scale
Companies applying GHRM implement green organizational policies, fulfill their corporate responsibilities and take care of the environment, which in turn will improve their image which has an impact on business sustainability.

Result Analysis
This study analyzed 1 exogenous variable, namely GHRM (Green Human Resource Management) with 6 dimensions, namely job description, green recruitment, green selection, green training, green performance appraisal, green reward. The endogenous variables in this study consist of 4 variables, namely GSCM (Green Supply Chain Management) with 3 dimensions, namely internal environmental management, eco-design, cooperation with customers. GLS (Green Life Style) with 2 dimensions are green health and environmental development greenhouse gas emission reduction. Furthermore, the DS (Digital Skill) dan BS (Business Sustainability) variables come with 3 dimensions namely business performance, social performance dan environmental performance.
To test the hypothesis, this study used a variance-based structural equation (CB-SEM). A covariance-based structural equation modeling (CB-SEM) approach was used to test the conceptual model. Compared to variance-based structural equation modeling, CB-SEM is a powerful method in terms of parameter accuracy if the data has a normal distribution and a reasonable sample size (Reinartz, Michael-Haenlein & Henseler,, 2009). Because the data in this study fulfilled both of these requirements, in this study CB-SEM analysis was carried out using AMOS 24 software.
Before further analysis was carried out, the data in the study had to be ensured to pass the feasibility test. The first feasibility test is testing the validity of each indicator. (Hair, Matthews & Sarstedt, 2017) provides criteria that an indicator has a good validity value if the loading factor value is > 0.5. If an analytical model has an indicator with a loading factor value of <0.5, the indicator must be dropped from the analysis. The loading factor values of all indicators are shown in Table 2.  Table 2 shows that there is 1 invalid indicator, namely EP1 which is an indicator of the BS (Business Sustainability) variable in the EP (Economic Performance) dimension. Invalid indicators should be dropped from the analysis and re-tested for validity. The results of testing the loading factor values are shown in Table 3.

Goodness of Fit
Furthermore, the conformity test of the confirmatory model was tested using the Goodness of Fit Index. There are 3 goodness of fit criteria, namely absolute fit indices, incremental fit indices and parsimony fit indices. In this study, several criteria were taken from each type of GOFI, namely RMSEA and CMINDF representing absolute fit indices, CFI and TLI representing incremental fit indices, and PGFI and PNFI representing parsimony fit indices.
The goodness of fit test is carried out and it was found that there are still 3 criteria that do not fit, namely CMINDF, CFI and TLI. To increase the GOF value, it is necessary to modify the model that refers to the modification index table by providing a covariance relationship or eliminating indicators that have a high MI (Modification Index) value. In the model modification process, there are indicators that must be removed because they have high MI (Modification Index) values, namely GPA3, GH2, GH5, GG2, CC2, DS6, DS7 SP4 and ENP8.
The results of the goodness of fit after modification are shown in Table 5 and the model after modification is shown in Figure 1.   Table 5 shows that the Goodness of Fit value has met all the criteria so that the model in this study can be said to be Fit.

Hypothesis Testing
The next analysis is the full model Structural Equation Model (SEM) analysis to test the hypotheses developed in this study. The results of hypothesis testing can be seen by looking at the Critical Ratio (CR) value and the probability (P) value from the results of data processing. The direction of the relationship between variables can be seen from the estimate value, if the estimate value is positive then the relationship between the variables is positive, whereas if the estimate value is negative, the relationship is negative. Furthermore, if the test results show the CR value is above 1.96 and the probability value (P) is below 0.05/5%, then the relationship between exogenous and endogenous variables is significant. More details on the results of hypothesis testing are shown in Table 6.

Mediation Test
The mediation test is seen from the significance of the indirect effect between variables as seen from the table of indirect effects-two tailed significance. The results show a significant mediation role if it has an indirect effect-two tailed significance value less than 0.05. The results of the indirect influence analysis are as follows: The direct effect in this study is shown in Table 6 and it can be seen that GHRM has a positive effect on BS, GSCM and GLS which is indicated by a positive estimate value, CR value > 1.96 and probability value < 0.05. Furthermore, this study proves that GSCM has a positive effect on BS and DS. It was also found that the positive and significant effect of GLS on BS is indicated by a positive estimate value, CR value > 1.96 and Probability value < 0.05. Therefore, H1, H2, H3. H4, H5 and H7 in this study are supported. However, this study found findings that did not support H8 because it was empirically proven that DS had no effect on BS.
Furthermore, this study analyzed two mediation analyzes, namely H6 and H9. H6 in this study is supported by the finding of the mediating effect of GLS on the relationship between GHRM and BS with a significance value of 0.014. The H9 in this study is not supported because of the significance value of the mediating role of DS in the influence of GSCM on BS because the significance value is > 0.05, which is 0.408.

Discussion and Implication
In order for a company to succeed and move forward in its sustainability, BS needs to be able to compete in a superior manner, so this needs to incorporate GHRM practices (Pallavi & Bhanu, 2016;Hosain & Rahman, 2015;Shahzad, 2020). The results of the research show that GHRM has a significant positive effect on BS (H1 is accepted), and this supports previous research (Yong et al., 2019;Bombiak & Marciniuk-Kluska, 2018;Sapna & Gupta, 2021;Wulandari & Nawangsari, 2021). This study contributes to the role of GHRM so that companies are able to maintain BS so that corporate entities can meet all dimensions of sustainability (Cantele & Zardini, 2018).
Manufacturing companies that want to maintain BS need to apply digital technology that has a tendency to regulate their production processes in a way that is in accordance with production trends imposed by the Industry 4.0 concept. (Mijatović, Uzelac & Stoiljković, 2020).
Companies can benefit from GSCM especially in the current Covid 19 pandemic era. Without proper GSCM planning, companies will find it difficult to compete in competitive business so that BS continues to run well (Bieńkowska, Koszela, Sałamacha & Tworek, 2022;Allaoui & Goncalves, 2013;Park et al., 2022) and the results of the research show that there is a significant positive effect between GSCM on BS (H2 is accepted) and this supports previous research. Zaid & Sleimi, M., 2021). All supply chain activities such as raw material extraction, production, distribution, storage, and packaging when paying attention to the green environment will improve business performance and have an impact on BS (Rupa & Saif, 2022). This research contributes to manufacturing companies that can maintain business sustainability through the implementation of GSCM management and this cannot be done by only one party, but all parties in the supply chain.
Currently, there are many manufacturing companies in the Asian region, so awareness of environmentally friendly operations and sustainability of resources is noteworthy. For this reason, it is very important to study GSCM and GHRM in Asian countries (Lokesh et al., 2017;Dian, Pambudi, Janny, Leonardus, Sukrisno & Kundori, 2022;Muafi & Kusumawati, 2021b). This study aims to explain the relationship between the two fields by bringing together the currently developing fields of GSCM and GHRM and it has been shown in this research that there is a significant positive effect between GHRM on GSCM (H3 is accepted) and this supports previous research Jabbour & Jabbour, 2016;Pham et al., 2020). In manufacturing companies, GHRM practices namely green recruitment, green training, and consistent and coherent management involvement and green compensation will improve employee performance and play a key role in GSCM which then has an impact on "greening the organization." (Guerci, Longoni & Luzzini, 2016;Bon et al., 2018).
Employees working in manufacturing companies tend to be forced even with certain incentives to be aware of the environment, with several programs being carried out to ensure that employees move towards green organizational functions in accordance with consumer desires (Hutomo, Marditama, Limakrisna, Sentosa, Lee & Yew, 2020;Arulrajah & Opatha, 2016;Roca-Barcelo, Gaines, Sheehan, Thompson, Chamberlain, Bos et al., 2021). GLS has important components that become criteria in its application in manufacturing companies (Adawiyah & Putrawan, 2021). The current green practice is supported by consumers if the company has the same value, namely focusing on GHRM and GLS (Ragas et al., 2017). It has been shown in this research that there is a positive and significant relationship between GHRM and GLS (H4 is accepted), and has been supported by previous researchers namely (Wulandari & Nawangsari, 2021;Yong et al., 2019;Amjad et al., 2021). Manufacturing companies are currently focusing on developing green management capabilities within their organizations. Green management refers to the production of goods or services using workplace strategies, technologies, and practices that aim to reduce industrial waste, minimize pollution, recycle waste, perform paperless operations, and produce environmentally friendly products and services and these become the company's GLS (Sheikh, Gaines, Sheehan, Thompson, Chamberlain, Bos et al., 2019;Saptaria, Gaines, Sheehan, Thompson, Chamberlain, Bos et al., 2022).
Lifestyle has a significant impact on economic capital. Lifestyle can lead to sustainable development that impacts the nation's capital city (Farhud, 2017). However, the rapid development of several companies in Indonesia is still at the expense of the natural environment, despite the increasing popularity of green-based products and services in Indonesia (Mychelisda & Firdaus, 2021). For that the government needs to educate and encourage its citizens to take part in a green lifestyle, which basically involves being a "green citizen" through purchasing green products (Lin & Lin, 2015;Farhud, 2017). Likewise, GLS has not been firmly entrenched in the Indonesian way of life to be able to maintain BS (Genoveva & Syahrivar, 2020;Sukoharsono, 2007;Othman, Alamsyah & Aryanto, 2021). For this reason, this research states that GLS has a positive and significant effect on BS (H5 is accepted) which is supported by several researchers (Chwialkowska, 2019;Hart, 1997;Urbański & Ul-Haque, 2020). The importance of GLS in manufacturing companies can be seen through the way of life, behavior, people, families, and communities as well as habits that include social basics in encouraging sustainable development so that BS is achieved (Farhud, 2017).
The COVID-19 pandemic has pushed manufacturing companies to pay attention to the environment, therefore GHRM acts as the main driving factor that will encourage resources that are superior to their competitors. This plays an important role in maintaining the value and quality of human resources as a responsibility for the sustainability of the organization (Yadav, Meeker, Mistry, Doctor, Fleming-Dutra, Fleischman et al., 2019;Carnevale & Hatak, 2020;Marditama, Yusliza, Ghani, Saputra, Muhammad & Bon, 2021). Organizations today must remain alert and adaptive to unexpected events, such as external crises, which create increased uncertainty among their workforce and pose an immediate threat to the organization's performance and survival. Therefore, manufacturing companies need to pay attention to GLS, namely environmentally friendly, green elections, green employee relations and collective bargaining as well as environmentally friendly complaint handling and in the end this will have an impact on BS (Carnevale & Hatak, 2020). This research states that GLS mediates GHRM on BS (H6 accepted) which is supported by researchers (Chwialkowska, 2019;Hart, 1997;Urbański & Ul Haque, 2020).
Increasing environmental concerns have led suppliers to adopt a "greener" approach to the functioning of GSCM including product design, material sourcing and selection, manufacturing processes, delivery of final products to consumers as well as end-of-life management of products after their useful lives (Srivastava, 2007;Kurian, 2020). For this reason, there is a need for innovation in technology that continues to drive significant changes in the GSCM field. It is also worth noting that the area of digitalization is leading to a strong mix of SCM and digital technology executives, as well as a clear division of roles, in which SCM or technology leaders will dominate in the future (Wehrle et al., 2020;Alsuraihi et al., 2020;Lee, Azmi, Hanaysha, Alzoubi & Alshurideh, 2022). The associated use of digitization in GSCM contributes to wider social and environmental impacts, explicitly relating to green and sustainable supply chain development (Bondarouk & Ruël, 2008). The results of the research show that it has a significant positive effect on DS (H7 is accepted). The results of this research support previous research from (Siswanti & Muafi, 2020;Muafi, 2015;Rachinger et al., 2018;Wehrle et al., 2020;Feng et al., 2022), stating that GSCM is a strategic aspect to improve innovation performance through DS. GSCM must be carried out when creative manufacturing companies have business processes that are oriented towards efficiency and effectiveness. (Bondarouk & Ruël, 2008;Gandhi, Mangla, Kumar & Kumar, 2015) stated that to achieve the successful adoption of GSCM it is necessary to have support from top management for digital technology or DS.
The industrial revolution 4.0 which is marked mainly by digital transformation is booming, especially the COVID-19 pandemic has strengthened the all-digital trend. Therefore, DS needs more attention and support from various parties such as the government, private sector and their own organizations (Kääriäinen, Kuusisto, Pussinen, Saarela, Saari & Hänninen, 2020;Joris, 2021). DS has improved the ability of fast perception, agile response, and intelligent decision making in the digital era, so that they can face risks in a sustainable business. Digital transformation, can improve its operating efficiency by 8-10 times (Teng, Wu & Yang, 2022;Ukko, Nasiri, Saunila & Rantala, 2019). However, several studies have shown that digital transformation is not directly related to DS. Empirical investigation states that in addition to DS managerial skills and operational capabilities are needed to realize a digital business strategy and this will help companies to adjust focus on BS (Baumgartner & Rauter, 2017;Ukko et al., 2019) and in this research it is stated that DS has a positive but not significant effect on BS (H8 is accepted).
GSCM as one of the initiatives in manufacturing companies brings thoughts that need to be harmonized with environmental sustainability (Sabri, 2019;Sony, 2019). GSCM is a catalyst for realizing the business transformations needed for a more just and green economy. Therefore, GSCM can be used as a vital tool in a circular economy context for the sustainable use of resources (Luthra & Mangla, 2018b;Bag, Gupta, Kumar & Sivarajah, 2020). Improving digital technology capabilities needs to be considered in GSCM (Bag et al., 2020;Ge, Goetz, Cleary, Yi & Gomez, 2022;Wang, Yu, Shen & Jin, 2022). This research states that DS mediates GSCM on BS (H9 is accepted) and is supported by previous researchers (Duică et al., 2020;Nanda & Kumar, 2021;Chen et al., 2021).

Limitations and Suggestions for Future Research
This research was conducted in several companies and some are holding companies in several cities in Indonesia. However, the companies studied did not have the same product, so the researchers were concerned that this could limit the generalizability of the research findings. In addition, the method of collecting data was done purposively where the researchers used data across work units so that it was not an ideal approach to evaluate the impact of DS on BS, but other variables such as GHRM on GSCM, GHRM on DS the results were very influential and significant. However, this research is very interesting to note considering that currently Indonesia is also facing a revolution of 4.0 and 5.0 so that it is expected to have an impact on business sustainability in the future. In the future, similar research should also be applied to service companies because it will provide very interesting theoretical and managerial implications.

Declaration of Conflicting Interests
The authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Funding
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