Model of service-oriented catering supply chain performance evaluation

Purpose: The aim of this paper is constructing a performance evaluation model for service-oriented catering supply chain. Design/methodology/approach: With the research on the current situation of catering industry, this paper summarized the characters of the catering supply chain, and then presents the service-oriented catering supply chain model based on the platform of logistics and information. At last, the fuzzy AHP method is used to evaluate the performance of service-oriented catering supply chain. Findings: With the analysis of the characteristics of catering supply chain, we construct the performance evaluation model in order to guarantee the food safety, logistics efficiency, price stability and so on. Practical implications: In order to evolve an efficient and effective service supply chain, it can not only used to own enterprise improvement, but also can be used for selecting different customers, to choose a different model of development. Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management – http://dx.doi.org/10.3926/jiem.672 216 Originality/value: This paper has a new definition of service-oriented catering supply chain. And it offers a model to evaluate the performance of this catering supply chain.


Introduction
Since 1991, China's catering industry, always keep the double-digit growth (Date from Ministry of Commerce of the People's Republic of China).As the income level of urban and rural resident's unceasing enhancement and people's life rhythm becomes faster, dining out or calling take-away food has become a way of life, so Chinese food industry's retail sales are still increasing.The catering industry keeps growing, but China's catering market competition is still fierce, especially the competition in the supply chain.For the catering enterprises, it is like a sail against the current catering market, fall behind.Now the supply chain is not only the supply chain of product, it includes products, information, logistics service, etc.The product is only a part of the service, so in order to have a comprehensive evaluation of the supply chain, the service should be oriented.it means we should not only put focus on the products, but also the food safety, food quality, enterprises' responsibility.It is an integrated supply chain based on service.Absolutely, the service-oriented catering supply chain is the key to increase the competitiveness of the catering enterprises.The enterprises in the service-oriented catering supply chain need to build a stable partnership, and the enterprises should do benefit sharing, information sharing and so on, at last all the enterprises in the supply chain will create a win-win situation.In order to integrate and optimize supply chain, supply chain performance evaluation model is needed to be constructed.

Researchers
The dimensions of construction Lummus, Vokurka & Alber (1998) Supply chain, process management, delivery transport, and demand management Beamon (1999) Resources, production and flexible Ma and Ling (2005) Customer service, production and quality, asset management, cost Association of Supply Chain (2002) Reliability, response ability, flexibility, cost and assets Ma (2005) The product quality ,service level, commitment level, product prices Chen (2003) Logistics coordination, information coordination, cash flow coordination and work coordination Ma & Chen (2007) The customer, supply chain internal process, the future development, financial value Table 1.The dimensions of construction The main contents of the performance research are including index system construction, the choice of methods and empirical analysis.Ding and Wang (2010) constructed a evaluation system based on research on characteristics of core enterprises in the supply chain.You (2010) constructed an evaluation index system of supply chain performance in agriculture product processing field.Different industries have different indexes to evaluate the performance of supply Agility: The consumption of products is at a very fast rate; also the kinds of product are variety.
The service-oriented catering supply chain should improve the ability in dealing with variable demand and production flexibility.
Logistics capability: Goods, like fresh fruits and vegetables should be transported by the special vehicles, which equipped with cold chain logistics equipment.So the logistics capability of catering industry service supply chain has higher requirements than any other industry.
Customer satisfaction: Consumers today are not only care about the price of food but also the tasty, safety, quality and nutrition of food.Once appear, food security, food service enterprise on supply chain will get the fatal blow.
Stability: The price and the quality of raw materials are fluctuating with unstable factors.While the enterprise clients wish to avoid risks, they hope the price, quality, variety of food has a stable situation.
Information: Improving the Information level, can effectively prevent "the bullwhip effect".
Information detection methods can effectively monitor food in transportation in the process of storage quality.The catering industry service supply chain is put the raw materials supplier, processing center, logistics center and catering enterprises into the same platform.The production mode on this platform is pull production, pull production system can cope with the rapid changes, and its information platform just like the nerve reflection of people can rapid response the changes in the outside world, so the whole processing and logistics center can keep zero inventory or less inventory, greatly reduce inventory cost, increasing the flow of capital.When logistics and processing center received orders, and create purchase order to the raw materials supplier through information platform, and rapid response ability make raw material be put in place in time to ensure the production plan smoothly, so it can short the customer response time, improve customer satisfaction.Based on above, catering industry service supply chain model is just as figure 1 shows.

The function of the service-oriented catering supply chain
The influence and function of Service supply chain on catering enterprises competitiveness mainly reflects in the following aspects:

Supplier integration
From the whole services supply chain, raw material purchasing and the choice of supplier is the first thing throughout the supply chain activities.It is very important.Because the quality of raw material will directly affect the quality of the finished products, thus affecting customer satisfaction; And the price of raw materials is also constitute an important part of the final product price of restaurants, the competition ability of the enterprise will also get an impact.So do raw material purchase and supplier management well is a good beginning for the service-oriented catering supply chain, is also a good way to improve the competitiveness of catering enterprises.

Supply chain resources integration
Service supply chain resources integration of catering enterprises is based on perfect information platform and logistics platform, through integrating resources of service supply chain, can reduce the waste of resources, and reduce unnecessary inventory costs.Measure the level of the whole supply chain is not only seeing the material purchasing supply capacity, but also to see its input-output efficiency and supply chain enterprise on the synergy of benefits.Through the unified purchase, reasonable distribution, take appropriate materials and food in the right time and at the right way to the right place, High efficiency of the supply chain can speed up the transfer of goods, reduce products purchasing and operation distribution costs

Processing and distribution
A perfect service-oriented catering supply chain have professional standardization processing equipment, that ensure the quality of the food during the processing, or a professional outsourcing processing company to complete the processing tasks.Then through professional cold chain distribution, ensure food in low loss of logistics process, and also ensure food fresh and high quality.This is a good way to promote the enterprise competitiveness of catering enterprises.

Customer services
A good service-oriented supply chain can quickly respond to the different needs of customers, in the shortest possible time to provide customer the most satisfactory service, can greatly enhance the enterprise the competitive ability.At the same time, the good service supply chain can quickly understand customer needs, it is a great help in development of new products, also it is a great help to quickly capture emerging market.The service-oriented catering supply chain is an inseparable system and the relationship between nodal enterprises of the supply chain is important, directly affects the efficiency of the whole supply chain.So relationships between nodal enterprises can be as a one of the main factors which affect the performance of service supply chain.

Performance evaluation
Figure 2. Supply chain performance system The service-oriented catering supply chain performance evaluation is based on the performance of the whole process evaluation, different from other performance evaluation focuses on a single enterprise or individual functional department's evaluation.A performance evaluation index system and the management of the supply chain should have the same purpose, reflect the whole situations of supply chain, effectively promote catering service, adapt to the market and the surrounding environment change.Based on the above considerations, combining the catering industry characteristic, this article establishes the service-oriented catering supply chain performance evaluation of level 3 index systems as in figure 2.

Selection and application of index system evaluation
From the above we see the evaluation method for the service-oriented catering supply chain evaluation is not much.Not all the evaluation methods are suitable for the service-oriented catering supply chain .afterresearch on these methods; this paper chooses the fuzzy AHP evaluation method to evaluate the catering industry service supply chain performance, according to the characteristics of the catering industry and the constructed indexes.

The construction of the hierarchy indicators
The problem divide into different elements, according to the relationship between factors, subordinate relations and different levels, combined factors together, forming a multi-layer analysis structure model.

The construct judgment matrix
We construct judgment matrix according to the evaluation index level structure mentioned above.Through comparing the weight of each index, we construct judgment matrix.In the AHP method, in order to make the importance of each index to quantitatively shows, we get the judgment matrix scale (1 ~ 9 scale method) see table 2: The same important 3 The former is slightly important than the latter 5 The former is obvious important than the latter 7 The former is extremely important than the latter 9 The former is strong important than the latter 2, 4, 6, 8 Importance Between the scale mentioned above Bji=1/Bij Table 2. Judgment matrix scale Compare the factors, as important as you think is 1:1, then The former is strong important than the latter that is 9:1, Compare two factor, fill the numbers in a judgment matrix (diagonal in judgment matrix is 1).

Calculate the weight of each index
Set maximum characteristic root of judgment matrix A-Bi for λ max, the corresponding eigenvector for W, the W and λ max calculation method is as follows:  elements Bi in Each line of the judgment matrix multiplies ;  root product of n ;  vector normalization ,get the weight vector W

Consistency test
Because of the complexity of the performance evaluation of each index and the fuzziness of the relative important degree among the index, there are certain errors.In order to ensure that error in allowing range, through the consistency test, the judgment matrix is considered effective, or it should be amended.
 Calculate Coincidence index Ci:


Calculate Consistency ratio CR : R R

Conclusions
With study on the service supply chain and analyses of the present catering situation, this paper presents the service-oriented catering supply chain model based on the logistics and information platform.Also it analyses the difference between the service-oriented catering supply chain and traditional supply chain.And summarized the characteristics of the catering supply chain.Then from aspects of agility, the logistics capability, customer satisfaction, and suppliers, information ability and level of stability to construct the service-oriented catering supply chain model.At the same time, six aspects subdivided into a number of indicators to construct the performance evaluate system.At last, this paper evaluates the service-oriented catering supply chain by the fuzzy hierarchy of comprehensive evaluation method.
The results of evaluation can not only used to own enterprise improvement, but also can be used for selecting different customers, to choose a different model of development.According to different customers, we will have different judgment matrix, and thus get the performance evaluation is not the same.So the customer groups classification based on the performance evaluation is our direction of our works.

Figure 1 .
Figure 1.The service-oriented catering supply chain This paper does a lot of research on supply chain operations reference model(SCOR, 2002)    created by the association of supply chain.The model includes plan, learning resources, manufacturing and delivery.It can describe classification and evaluation of a complex management process.SCOR model is divided into reliability, response ability, flexibility, cost, and asset 5 dimensions, according to supply chain operation process.It constructs the supply chain performance evaluation index system.Response ability and flexibility of the catering industry service supply chain largely reflects in the logistics capability and agility.The typical cases talked about the dimension of the customer.For the catering industry, the customer always plays the most important role.So customer satisfaction is an indispensable dimension.

Table 3 .
Coincidence index of judgment matrix

Table 5 .
Relative weight of vendor evaluation index